Federal Budget Cuts Could Hamper Growth in Some Metro Areas
The federal government spends billions of dollars buying goods and services from private sector firms each year.
These are the findings of Chmura Economics & Analytics in a study entitled “Estimating the Economic Loss of Daylight Saving Time for U.S....
We've updated updated this study with information from the most recent academic research and cost drivers. Check out our newest research, More Than a Lost Hour of Sleep: The True Cost of Daylight Saving Time.
These are the findings of Chmura Economics & Analytics in a study entitled “Estimating the Economic Loss of Daylight Saving Time for U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas” commissioned by the Carpenter Co. The study focused on only the aspects of economic losses where solid evidence from peer-reviewed academic journals could be obtained, showing how the DST change can lead to an increase in heart attacks, workplace injuries in the mining and construction sectors, and increased cyberloafing that reduces productivity for people who typically work in offices. A reasonable economic cost was then developed from the economic costs of heart attacks, workplace accidents and cyberloafing and applied to the more than 300 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the U.S.
| MSA | Total Cost of Lost Hour |
Population in 2010 |
Index Rank | Per Capita Cost |
% Difference From Nat'l Avg. |
MSA Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | $433,982,548.00 | 260,392,304 | $1.65449 | |||
| Morgantown, WV | $445,685.00 | 129,709 | 1 | $3.37947 | 104.26% | 293 |
| Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH | $930,759.00 | 287,702 | 2 | $3.18188 | 92.32% | 162 |
| Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH | $519,472.00 | 162,056 | 3 | $3.15273 | 90.56% | 245 |
| Charleston, WV | $973,594.00 | 304,284 | 4 | $3.14694 | 90.21% | 156 |
| Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA | $925,487.00 | 309,544 | 5 | $2.94061 | 77.74% | 151 |
| Lakeland, FL | $1,582,213.00 | 602,095 | 6 | $2.58458 | 56.22% | 87 |
| Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL | $7,283,123.00 | 2,783,243 | 7 | $2.57369 | 55.56% | 18 |
| Ocala, FL | $863,182.00 | 331,298 | 8 | $2.56256 | 54.89% | 147 |
| North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL | $1,822,027.00 | 702,281 | 9 | $2.55172 | 54.23% | 73 |
| Punta Gorda, FL | $404,984.00 | 159,978 | 10 | $2.48982 | 50.49% | 247 |
| Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA | $1,412,054.00 | 563,631 | 11 | $2.46403 | 48.93% | 90 |
| Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC | $662,576.00 | 269,291 | 12 | $2.41994 | 46.27% | 168 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | $5,794,723.00 | 2,356,285 | 13 | $2.41877 | 46.19% | 22 |
| Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL | $1,336,302.00 | 543,376 | 14 | $2.41877 | 46.19% | 96 |
| Evansville, IN-KY | $873,111.00 | 358,676 | 15 | $2.39418 | 44.71% | 142 |
| Tulsa, OK | $2,277,053.00 | 937,478 | 16 | $2.38892 | 44.39% | 54 |
| Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL | $334,825.00 | 138,028 | 17 | $2.38584 | 44.20% | 283 |
| Bloomington, IN | $464,931.00 | 192,714 | 18 | $2.37282 | 43.42% | 218 |
| Chattanooga, TN-GA | $1,268,241.00 | 528,143 | 19 | $2.36178 | 42.75% | 98 |
| Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL | $1,187,424.00 | 494,593 | 20 | $2.36128 | 42.72% | 103 |
| Bangor, ME | $368,824.00 | 153,923 | 21 | $2.35671 | 42.44% | 259 |
| Alexandria, LA | $367,169.00 | 153,922 | 22 | $2.34615 | 41.81% | 257 |
| Palm Coast, FL Â | $227,338.00 | 95,696 | 23 | $2.33651 | 41.22% | 347 |
| Muncie, IN | $279,430.00 | 117,671 | 24 | $2.33557 | 41.17% | 317 |
| Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL | $428,270.00 | 180,822 | 25 | $2.32946 | 40.80% | 224 |
| Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL | $1,455,015.00 | 618,754 | 26 | $2.31281 | 39.79% | 84 |
| Mobile, AL | $967,710.00 | 412,992 | 27 | $2.30459 | 39.29% | 126 |
| Jacksonville, FL | $3,146,585.00 | 1,345,596 | 28 | $2.29993 | 39.01% | 40 |
| Toledo, OH | $1,523,209.00 | 651,429 | 29 | $2.29976 | 39.00% | 82 |
| Lafayette, IN | $471,375.00 | 201,789 | 30 | $2.29752 | 38.87% | 210 |
| Canton-Massillon, OH | $943,763.00 | 404,422 | 31 | $2.29519 | 38.72% | 128 |
| Johnson City, TN | $461,978.00 | 198,716 | 32 | $2.28654 | 38.20% | 214 |
| Dayton, OH | $1,952,542.00 | 841,502 | 33 | $2.28210 | 37.93% | 62 |
| Knoxville, TN | $1,617,373.00 | 698,030 | 34 | $2.27890 | 37.74% | 74 |
| Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL | $1,037,154.00 | 448,991 | 35 | $2.27193 | 37.32% | 110 |
| Terre Haute, IN | $394,960.00 | 172,425 | 36 | $2.25291 | 36.17% | 233 |
| Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL | $12,725,469.00 | 5,564,635 | 37 | $2.24919 | 35.95% | 8 |
| Port St. Lucie-Fort Pierce, FL | $969,275.00 | 424,107 | 38 | $2.24782 | 35.86% | 117 |
| State College, PA | $351,910.00 | 153,990 | 39 | $2.24765 | 35.85% | 256 |
| Asheville, NC | $969,459.00 | 424,858 | 40 | $2.24427 | 35.65% | 116 |
| Lewiston-Auburn, ME | $243,661.00 | 107,702 | 41 | $2.22512 | 34.49% | 334 |
| Lexington-Fayette, KY | $1,066,009.00 | 472,099 | 42 | $2.22084 | 34.23% | 106 |
| Jackson, TN | $260,264.00 | 115,425 | 43 | $2.21771 | 34.04% | 321 |
| Michigan City-La Porte, IN | $251,036.00 | 111,467 | 44 | $2.21503 | 33.88% | 329 |
| Cheyenne, WY | $206,604.00 | 91,738 | 45 | $2.21503 | 33.88% | 354 |
| Naples-Marco Island, FL | $723,778.00 | 321,520 | 46 | $2.21405 | 33.82% | 149 |
| Bowling Green, KY | $282,675.00 | 125,953 | 47 | $2.20733 | 33.42% | 302 |
| Kokomo, IN | $221,462.00 | 98,688 | 48 | $2.20711 | 33.40% | 345 |
| South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI | $715,354.00 | 319,224 | 49 | $2.20402 | 33.21% | 150 |
| Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC | $818,612.00 | 365,497 | 50 | $2.20285 | 33.14% | 141 |
| Anderson, IN | $294,790.00 | 131,636 | 51 | $2.20256 | 33.13% | 295 |
| Atlantic City, NJ | $612,213.00 | 274,549 | 52 | $2.19317 | 32.56% | 169 |
| Columbus, IN | $170,968.00 | 76,794 | 53 | $2.18967 | 32.35% | 362 |
| Johnstown, PA | $318,637.00 | 143,679 | 54 | $2.18119 | 31.83% | 275 |
| Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA | $1,215,731.00 | 549,475 | 55 | $2.17610 | 31.53% | 94 |
| Lawton, OK | $274,358.00 | 124,098 | 56 | $2.17442 | 31.43% | 307 |
| Louisville, KY-IN | $2,826,250.00 | 1,283,566 | 57 | $2.16562 | 30.89% | 42 |
| Morristown, TN | $300,143.00 | 136,608 | 58 | $2.16094 | 30.61% | 286 |
| Wheeling, WV-OH | $323,960.00 | 147,950 | 59 | $2.15361 | 30.17% | 268 |
| Wichita Falls, TX | $331,130.00 | 151,306 | 60 | $2.15244 | 30.10% | 266 |
| Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA | $1,236,309.00 | 565,773 | 61 | $2.14919 | 29.90% | 91 |
| Owensboro, KY | $249,981.00 | 114,752 | 62 | $2.14258 | 29.50% | 322 |
| Shreveport-Bossier City, LA | $868,062.00 | 398,604 | 63 | $2.14190 | 29.46% | 129 |
| Gainesville, FL | $574,037.00 | 264,275 | 64 | $2.13636 | 29.13% | 173 |
| Altoona, PA | $275,914.00 | 127,089 | 65 | $2.13528 | 29.06% | 305 |
| Williamsport, PA | $251,895.00 | 116,111 | 66 | $2.13372 | 28.97% | 319 |
| Panama City-Lynn Haven, FL | $364,847.00 | 168,852 | 67 | $2.12517 | 28.45% | 236 |
| Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI | $9,268,747.00 | 4,296,250 | 68 | $2.12188 | 28.25% | 13 |
| Birmingham, AL | $2,431,810.00 | 1,128,047 | 69 | $2.12028 | 28.15% | 50 |
| Elizabethtown, KY | $257,362.00 | 119,736 | 70 | $2.11403 | 27.78% | 313 |
| Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY | $2,440,468.00 | 1,135,509 | 71 | $2.11384 | 27.76% | 49 |
| Ocean City, NJ | $207,878.00 | 97,265 | 72 | $2.10205 | 27.05% | 351 |
| Fort Wayne, IN | $888,743.00 | 416,257 | 73 | $2.09993 | 26.92% | 122 |
| Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV | $265,544.00 | 124,454 | 74 | $2.09854 | 26.84% | 311 |
| Huntsville, AL | $890,913.00 | 417,593 | 75 | $2.09832 | 26.83% | 119 |
| Erie, PA | $598,252.00 | 280,566 | 76 | $2.09720 | 26.76% | 164 |
| Montgomery, AL | $798,346.00 | 374,536 | 77 | $2.09646 | 26.71% | 136 |
| Gulfport-Biloxi, MS | $528,298.00 | 248,820 | 78 | $2.08825 | 26.22% | 185 |
| Carson City, NV | $116,608.00 | 55,274 | 79 | $2.07490 | 25.41% | 366 |
| Anniston, AL | $250,003.00 | 118,572 | 80 | $2.07373 | 25.34% | 316 |
| Mansfield, OH | $261,914.00 | 124,475 | 81 | $2.06951 | 25.08% | 310 |
| Sandusky, OH | $161,894.00 | 77,079 | 82 | $2.06578 | 24.86% | 363 |
| Elkhart-Goshen, IN | $414,780.00 | 197,559 | 83 | $2.06496 | 24.81% | 216 |
| Florence, AL | $308,807.00 | 147,137 | 84 | $2.06422 | 24.76% | 206 |
| Auburn-Opelika, AL | $293,975.00 | 140,247 | 85 | $2.06161 | 24.61% | 276 |
| Lafayette, LA | $573,540.00 | 273,738 | 86 | $2.06072 | 24.55% | 167 |
| Lima, OH | $221,940.00 | 106,331 | 87 | $2.05289 | 24.08% | 336 |
| Clarksville, TN-KY | $571,732.00 | 273,949 | 88 | $2.05264 | 24.07% | 166 |
| Lebanon, PA | $278,565.00 | 133,568 | 89 | $2.05123 | 23.98% | 292 |
| Reading, PA | $857,038.00 | 411,442 | 90 | $2.04871 | 23.83% | 125 |
| Gadsden, AL | $217,236.00 | 104,430 | 91 | $2.04596 | 23.66% | 338 |
| York-Hanover, PA | $904,776.00 | 434,972 | 92 | $2.04583 | 23.65% | 113 |
| Barnstable Town, MA | $447,310.00 | 215,888 | 93 | $2.03784 | 23.17% | 198 |
| Ann Arbor, MI | $713,184.00 | 344,791 | 94 | $2.03440 | 22.96% | 146 |
| Springfield, OH | $285,322.00 | 138,333 | 95 | $2.02862 | 22.61% | 285 |
| Wilmington, NC | $747,299.00 | 362,315 | 96 | $2.02861 | 22.61% | 139 |
| Dothan, AL | $299,824.00 | 145,639 | 97 | $2.02478 | 22.38% | 270 |
| Monroe, LA | $362,816.00 | 176,441 | 98 | $2.02244 | 22.24% | 229 |
| Hattiesburg, MS | $293,083.00 | 142,842 | 99 | $2.01802 | 21.97% | 272 |
| Lancaster, PA | $1,064,016.00 | 519,445 | 100 | $2.01465 | 21.77% | 99 |
| Decatur, AL | $313,503.00 | 153,829 | 101 | $2.00444 | 21.15% | 258 |
| Oklahoma City, OK | $2,550,073.00 | 1,252,987 | 102 | $2.00169 | 20.99% | 43 |
| Pascagoula, MS | $330,101.00 | 162,246 | 103 | $2.00107 | 20.95% | 242 |
| Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV | $546,398.00 | 269,140 | 104 | $1.99674 | 20.69% | 172 |
| Casper, WY | $153,138.00 | 75,450 | 105 | $1.99624 | 20.66% | 364 |
| Greenville, SC | $1,289,377.00 | 636,986 | 106 | $1.99086 | 20.33% | 83 |
| Greensboro-High Point, NC | $1,464,797.00 | 723,801 | 107 | $1.99044 | 20.31% | 71 |
| New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA | $2,360,696.00 | 1,167,764 | 108 | $1.98827 | 20.17% | 46 |
| Las Vegas-Paradise, NV | $3,941,238.00 | 1,951,269 | 109 | $1.98658 | 20.07% | 30 |
| Indianapolis, IN | $3,537,009.00 | 1,756,241 | 110 | $1.98081 | 19.72% | 35 |
| Missoula, MT | $219,657.00 | 109,299 | 111 | $1.97660 | 19.47% | 332 |
| Ithaca, NY | $203,399.00 | 101,564 | 112 | $1.96970 | 19.05% | 342 |
| Dover, DE | $324,756.00 | 162,310 | 113 | $1.96789 | 18.94% | 241 |
| Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH | $4,151,800.00 | 2,077,240 | 114 | $1.96580 | 18.82% | 28 |
| Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ | $1,614,902.00 | 821,173 | 115 | $1.93420 | 16.91% | 64 |
| Prescott, AZ | $414,603.00 | 211,033 | 116 | $1.93229 | 16.79% | 203 |
| Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA | $3,141,889.00 | 1,600,852 | 117 | $1.93032 | 16.67% | 38 |
| Worcester, MA | $1,565,876.00 | 798,552 | 118 | $1.92861 | 16.57% | 67 |
| Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME | $1,005,605.00 | 514,098 | 119 | $1.92385 | 16.28% | 101 |
| Billings, MT | $308,857.00 | 158,050 | 120 | $1.92200 | 16.17% | 249 |
| Springfield, MA | $1,353,410.00 | 692,942 | 121 | $1.92098 | 16.11% | 77 |
| Ames, IA | $174,611.00 | 89,542 | 122 | $1.91794 | 15.92% | 356 |
| Fayetteville, NC | $713,043.00 | 366,383 | 123 | $1.91413 | 15.69% | 137 |
| Fort Smith, AR-OK | $580,963.00 | 298,592 | 124 | $1.91364 | 15.66% | 158 |
| Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA | $403,825.00 | 208,178 | 125 | $1.90787 | 15.31% | 205 |
| Rapid City, SD | $245,126.00 | 126,382 | 126 | $1.90763 | 15.30% | 300 |
| Lewiston, ID-WA | $118,048.00 | 60,888 | 127 | $1.90686 | 15.25% | 365 |
| Lake Charles, LA | $386,936.00 | 199,607 | 128 | $1.90657 | 15.24% | 213 |
| Akron, OH | $1,359,432.00 | 703,200 | 129 | $1.90138 | 14.92% | 75 |
| Baton Rouge, LA | $1,550,929.00 | 802,484 | 130 | $1.90084 | 14.89% | 66 |
| Jackson, MS | $1,040,664.00 | 539,057 | 131 | $1.89874 | 14.76% | 95 |
| Cleveland, TN | $223,348.00 | 115,788 | 132 | $1.89718 | 14.67% | 318 |
| Iowa City, IA | $293,659.00 | 152,586 | 133 | $1.89286 | 14.41% | 255 |
| Richmond, VA | $2,419,992.00 | 1,258,251 | 134 | $1.89163 | 14.33% | 44 |
| Baltimore-Towson, MD | $5,209,507.00 | 2,710,489 | 135 | $1.89034 | 14.26% | 20 |
| Blacksburg, VA | $312,735.00 | 162,958 | 136 | $1.88752 | 14.08% | 244 |
| Orlando, FL | $4,092,620.00 | 2,134,411 | 137 | $1.88588 | 13.99% | 26 |
| Great Falls, MT | $155,815.00 | 81,327 | 138 | $1.88437 | 13.89% | 359 |
| Charlottesville, VA | $384,484.00 | 201,559 | 139 | $1.87614 | 13.40% | 208 |
| Farmington, NM | $247,716.00 | 130,044 | 140 | $1.87350 | 13.24% | 301 |
| Winston-Salem, NC | $909,101.00 | 477,717 | 141 | $1.87168 | 13.13% | 105 |
| Greenville, NC | $359,766.00 | 189,510 | 142 | $1.86714 | 12.85% | 220 |
| Pittsfield, MA | $248,995.00 | 131,219 | 143 | $1.86631 | 12.80% | 296 |
| Sioux City, IA-NE-SD | $271,947.00 | 143,577 | 144 | $1.86290 | 12.60% | 273 |
| Reno-Sparks, NV | $805,515.00 | 425,417 | 145 | $1.86230 | 12.56% | 115 |
| Columbia, MO | $327,147.00 | 172,786 | 146 | $1.86219 | 12.55% | 232 |
| Saginaw-Saginaw Township North, MI | $378,070.00 | 200,169 | 147 | $1.85766 | 12.28% | 215 |
| Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL | $716,738.00 | 379,690 | 148 | $1.85661 | 12.22% | 134 |
| Kalamazoo-Portage, MI | $614,919.00 | 326,589 | 149 | $1.85185 | 11.93% | 148 |
| St. Louis, MO-IL | $5,295,893.00 | 2,812,896 | 150 | $1.85172 | 11.92% | 19 |
| Jackson, MI | $300,340.00 | 160,248 | 151 | $1.84336 | 11.42% | 251 |
| Columbus, OH | $3,441,849.00 | 1,836,536 | 152 | $1.84324 | 11.41% | 32 |
| Coeur d'Alene, ID | $259,303.00 | 138,494 | 153 | $1.84148 | 11.30% | 280 |
| Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | $3,984,972.00 | 2,130,151 | 154 | $1.83994 | 11.21% | 27 |
| Battle Creek, MI | $254,031.00 | 136,146 | 155 | $1.83515 | 10.92% | 288 |
| Bay City, MI | $201,047.00 | 107,771 | 156 | $1.83479 | 10.90% | 335 |
| Niles-Benton Harbor, MI | $292,506.00 | 156,813 | 157 | $1.83460 | 10.89% | 254 |
| Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY | $1,621,964.00 | 870,716 | 158 | $1.83212 | 10.74% | 59 |
| Amarillo, TX | $462,864.00 | 249,881 | 159 | $1.82184 | 10.11% | 184 |
| Roanoke, VA | $570,732.00 | 308,707 | 160 | $1.81834 | 9.90% | 153 |
| Harrisonburg, VA | $230,573.00 | 125,228 | 161 | $1.81091 | 9.45% | 306 |
| Burlington, NC | $277,822.00 | 151,131 | 162 | $1.80802 | 9.28% | 261 |
| Trenton-Ewing, NJ | $673,675.00 | 366,513 | 163 | $1.80780 | 9.27% | 140 |
| Jefferson City, MO | $275,316.00 | 149,807 | 164 | $1.80754 | 9.25% | 265 |
| Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA | $307,311.00 | 167,819 | 165 | $1.80106 | 8.86% | 237 |
| Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ | $287,125.00 | 156,898 | 166 | $1.79988 | 8.79% | 253 |
| Hot Springs, AR | $175,556.00 | 96,024 | 167 | $1.79815 | 8.68% | 349 |
| Cumberland, MD-WV | $188,630.00 | 103,299 | 168 | $1.79599 | 8.55% | 339 |
| Binghamton, NY | $458,868.00 | 251,725 | 169 | $1.79288 | 8.36% | 186 |
| Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC | $1,015,110.00 | 556,877 | 170 | $1.79285 | 8.36% | 92 |
| Dubuque, IA | $170,614.00 | 93,653 | 171 | $1.79177 | 8.30% | 353 |
| Rocky Mount, NC | $277,596.00 | 152,392 | 172 | $1.79160 | 8.29% | 263 |
| Flint, MI | $775,183.00 | 425,790 | 173 | $1.79060 | 8.23% | 120 |
| Springfield, IL | $382,338.00 | 210,170 | 174 | $1.78923 | 8.14% | 204 |
| Lynchburg, VA | $459,487.00 | 252,634 | 175 | $1.78884 | 8.12% | 183 |
| Glens Falls, NY | $234,236.00 | 128,923 | 176 | $1.78696 | 8.01% | 299 |
| Utica-Rome, NY | $543,419.00 | 299,397 | 177 | $1.78516 | 7.90% | 160 |
| Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro, TN | $2,880,135.00 | 1,589,934 | 178 | $1.78166 | 7.69% | 37 |
| Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI | $311,558.00 | 172,188 | 179 | $1.77962 | 7.56% | 234 |
| Danville, VA | $192,681.00 | 106,561 | 180 | $1.77840 | 7.49% | 337 |
| Goldsboro, NC | $221,405.00 | 122,623 | 181 | $1.77585 | 7.34% | 309 |
| Florence, SC | $370,844.00 | 205,566 | 182 | $1.77431 | 7.24% | 267 |
| Kingston, NY | $329,107.00 | 182,493 | 183 | $1.77370 | 7.21% | 226 |
| Monroe, MI | $273,894.00 | 152,021 | 184 | $1.77202 | 7.10% | 264 |
| Lansing-East Lansing, MI | $833,169.00 | 464,036 | 185 | $1.76592 | 6.74% | 109 |
| Holland-Grand Haven, MI | $473,601.00 | 263,801 | 186 | $1.76574 | 6.72% | 174 |
| Pine Bluff, AR | $179,721.00 | 100,258 | 187 | $1.76307 | 6.56% | 344 |
| Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR | $243,750.00 | 136,027 | 188 | $1.76242 | 6.52% | 287 |
| Springfield, MO | $782,413.00 | 436,712 | 189 | $1.76210 | 6.50% | 112 |
| Salisbury, MD | $224,297.00 | 125,203 | 190 | $1.76197 | 6.50% | 308 |
| Spartanburg, SC | $509,124.00 | 284,307 | 191 | $1.76127 | 6.45% | 163 |
| College Station-Bryan, TX | $408,296.00 | 228,660 | 192 | $1.75620 | 6.15% | 193 |
| St. Joseph, MO-KS | $227,058.00 | 127,329 | 193 | $1.75388 | 6.01% | 303 |
| Syracuse, NY | $1,180,655.00 | 662,577 | 194 | $1.75257 | 5.93% | 80 |
| Rochester, NY | $1,877,514.00 | 1,054,323 | 195 | $1.75146 | 5.86% | 51 |
| Elmira, NY | $157,948.00 | 88,830 | 196 | $1.74881 | 5.70% | 357 |
| Memphis, TN-MS-AR | $2,337,491.00 | 1,316,100 | 197 | $1.74683 | 5.58% | 41 |
| Winchester, VA-WV | $227,756.00 | 128,472 | 198 | $1.74361 | 5.39% | 298 |
| Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD | $10,561,043.00 | 5,965,343 | 199 | $1.74125 | 5.24% | 6 |
| Anderson, SC | $331,261.00 | 187,126 | 200 | $1.74111 | 5.24% | 222 |
| Jacksonville, NC | $314,639.00 | 177,772 | 201 | $1.74076 | 5.21% | 227 |
| Jonesboro, AR | $213,245.00 | 121,026 | 202 | $1.73297 | 4.74% | 312 |
| Sumter, SC | $188,886.00 | 107,456 | 203 | $1.72886 | 4.49% | 333 |
| Bloomington-Normal, IL | $297,450.00 | 169,572 | 204 | $1.72524 | 4.28% | 235 |
| Bismarck, ND | $190,424.00 | 108,779 | 205 | $1.72174 | 4.06% | 330 |
| Champaign-Urbana, IL | $404,833.00 | 231,891 | 206 | $1.71704 | 3.78% | 192 |
| Bremerton-Silverdale, WA | $438,118.00 | 251,133 | 207 | $1.71584 | 3.71% | 182 |
| Lawrence, KS | $192,383.00 | 110,826 | 208 | $1.70732 | 3.19% | 328 |
| San Antonio, TX | $3,716,198.00 | 2,142,508 | 209 | $1.70595 | 3.11% | 24 |
| Des Moines, IA | $986,927.00 | 569,633 | 210 | $1.70404 | 3.00% | 88 |
| Spokane, WA | $815,061.00 | 471,221 | 211 | $1.70120 | 2.82% | 108 |
| Tyler, TX | $362,634.00 | 209,714 | 212 | $1.70071 | 2.79% | 200 |
| Athens-Clarke County, GA | $332,237.00 | 192,541 | 213 | $1.69713 | 2.58% | 219 |
| Wichita, KS | $1,073,694.00 | 623,061 | 214 | $1.69488 | 2.44% | 86 |
| Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY | $1,154,051.00 | 670,301 | 215 | $1.69334 | 2.35% | 79 |
| Joplin, MO | $301,371.00 | 175,518 | 216 | $1.68877 | 2.07% | 231 |
| Abilene, TX | $282,987.00 | 165,252 | 217 | $1.68426 | 1.80% | 240 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH | $7,793,647.00 | 4,552,402 | 218 | $1.68380 | 1.77% | 10 |
| San Angelo, TX | $191,352.00 | 111,823 | 219 | $1.68303 | 1.73% | 325 |
| Topeka, KS | $400,150.00 | 233,870 | 220 | $1.68282 | 1.71% | 189 |
| Pocatello, ID | $155,071.00 | 90,656 | 221 | $1.68238 | 1.69% | 355 |
| Madison, WI | $971,417.00 | 568,593 | 222 | $1.68033 | 1.56% | 89 |
| Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC | $2,848,285.00 | 1,671,683 | 223 | $1.67579 | 1.29% | 36 |
| Lubbock, TX | $483,463.00 | 284,890 | 224 | $1.66908 | 0.88% | 161 |
| Tuscaloosa, AL | $371,157.00 | 219,461 | 225 | $1.66337 | 0.54% | 195 |
| Sherman-Denison, TX | $203,597.00 | 120,877 | 226 | $1.65660 | 0.13% | 314 |
| La Crosse, WI-MN | $224,725.00 | 133,665 | 227 | $1.65357 | -0.06% | 290 |
| Grand Forks, ND-MN | $165,417.00 | 98,461 | 228 | $1.65236 | -0.13% | 346 |
| Waco, TX | $394,549.00 | 234,906 | 229 | $1.65195 | -0.15% | 188 |
| Longview, TX | $359,095.00 | 214,369 | 230 | $1.64754 | -0.42% | 197 |
| Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX | $650,601.00 | 388,745 | 231 | $1.64604 | -0.51% | 132 |
| Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL Â | $160,928.00 | 96,275 | 232 | $1.64403 | -0.63% | 350 |
| Kansas City, MO-KS | $3,396,584.00 | 2,035,334 | 233 | $1.64133 | -0.80% | 29 |
| Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO | $772,340.00 | 463,204 | 234 | $1.63993 | -0.88% | 107 |
| Peoria, IL | $631,004.00 | 379,186 | 235 | $1.63670 | -1.07% | 135 |
| Corpus Christi, TX | $710,406.00 | 428,185 | 236 | $1.63179 | -1.37% | 114 |
| Sioux Falls, SD | $378,499.00 | 228,261 | 237 | $1.63088 | -1.43% | 191 |
| Decatur, IL | $183,380.00 | 110,768 | 238 | $1.62828 | -1.58% | 331 |
| Manchester-Nashua, NH | $663,068.00 | 400,721 | 239 | $1.62744 | -1.63% | 130 |
| Boise City-Nampa, ID | $1,017,199.00 | 616,561 | 240 | $1.62263 | -1.93% | 85 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI | $15,568,610.00 | 9,461,105 | 241 | $1.61844 | -2.18% | 3 |
| Eau Claire, WI | $265,021.00 | 161,151 | 242 | $1.61748 | -2.24% | 243 |
| Oshkosh-Neenah, WI | $274,532.00 | 166,994 | 243 | $1.61690 | -2.27% | 238 |
| Savannah, GA | $570,207.00 | 347,611 | 244 | $1.61335 | -2.49% | 143 |
| Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR | $1,147,493.00 | 699,757 | 245 | $1.61285 | -2.52% | 72 |
| Rome, GA | $157,878.00 | 96,317 | 246 | $1.61216 | -2.56% | 352 |
| Burlington-South Burlington, VT | $346,073.00 | 211,261 | 247 | $1.61116 | -2.62% | 201 |
| Warner Robins, GA | $229,125.00 | 139,900 | 248 | $1.61081 | -2.64% | 274 |
| Victoria, TX | $188,788.00 | 115,384 | 249 | $1.60923 | -2.74% | 320 |
| Macon, GA | $378,813.00 | 232,293 | 250 | $1.60391 | -3.06% | 190 |
| Columbus, GA-AL | $480,773.00 | 294,865 | 251 | $1.60364 | -3.07% | 157 |
| Midland, TX | $221,613.00 | 136,872 | 252 | $1.59247 | -3.75% | 281 |
| Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC | $2,845,880.00 | 1,758,038 | 253 | $1.59213 | -3.77% | 33 |
| Valdosta, GA | $225,264.00 | 139,588 | 254 | $1.58721 | -4.07% | 278 |
| Kankakee-Bradley, IL | $182,897.00 | 113,449 | 255 | $1.58561 | -4.16% | 324 |
| Brunswick, GA | $181,130.00 | 112,370 | 256 | $1.58537 | -4.18% | 326 |
| Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI | $2,506,228.00 | 1,555,908 | 257 | $1.58426 | -4.24% | 39 |
| Danville, IL | $131,406.00 | 81,625 | 258 | $1.58337 | -4.30% | 360 |
| Albany, GA | $253,037.00 | 157,308 | 259 | $1.58206 | -4.38% | 252 |
| Logan, UT-ID | $201,329.00 | 125,442 | 260 | $1.57853 | -4.59% | 304 |
| New Haven-Milford, CT | $1,384,050.00 | 862,477 | 261 | $1.57832 | -4.60% | 60 |
| Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX | $649,274.00 | 405,300 | 262 | $1.57558 | -4.77% | 127 |
| Green Bay, WI | $490,506.00 | 306,241 | 263 | $1.57533 | -4.78% | 152 |
| Rockford, IL | $559,542.00 | 349,431 | 264 | $1.57493 | -4.81% | 145 |
| Fond du Lac, WI | $161,165.00 | 101,633 | 265 | $1.55964 | -5.73% | 341 |
| Manhattan, KS Â | $201,274.00 | 127,081 | 266 | $1.55775 | -5.85% | 297 |
| Cedar Rapids, IA | $408,023.00 | 257,940 | 267 | $1.55581 | -5.96% | 177 |
| Odessa, TX | $216,475.00 | 137,130 | 268 | $1.55262 | -6.16% | 282 |
| Albuquerque, NM | $1,399,881.00 | 887,077 | 269 | $1.55210 | -6.19% | 57 |
| Wenatchee, WA | $174,873.00 | 110,884 | 270 | $1.55112 | -6.25% | 327 |
| New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,NY-NJ-PA | $29,682,674.00 | 18,897,109 | 271 | $1.54489 | -6.62% | 1 |
| Sheboygan, WI | $181,234.00 | 115,507 | 272 | $1.54320 | -6.73% | 323 |
| Norwich-New London, CT | $429,665.00 | 274,055 | 273 | $1.54199 | -6.80% | 170 |
| Wausau, WI | $210,056.00 | 134,063 | 274 | $1.54105 | -6.86% | 291 |
| Gainesville, GA | $280,222.00 | 179,684 | 275 | $1.53385 | -7.29% | 225 |
| Appleton, WI | $350,752.00 | 225,666 | 276 | $1.52871 | -7.60% | 194 |
| Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT | $1,877,815.00 | 1,212,381 | 277 | $1.52336 | -7.93% | 45 |
| Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA | $1,333,208.00 | 865,350 | 278 | $1.51529 | -8.41% | 58 |
| Racine, WI | $301,037.00 | 195,408 | 279 | $1.51519 | -8.42% | 217 |
| Janesville, WI | $246,458.00 | 160,331 | 280 | $1.51187 | -8.62% | 250 |
| Las Cruces, NM | $321,250.00 | 209,233 | 281 | $1.51009 | -8.73% | 199 |
| Mankato-North Mankato, MN | $147,728.00 | 96,740 | 282 | $1.50192 | -9.22% | 348 |
| Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI | $1,178,645.00 | 774,160 | 283 | $1.49741 | -9.49% | 69 |
| McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr, TX | $1,179,244.00 | 774,769 | 284 | $1.49700 | -9.52% | 68 |
| Duluth, MN-WI | $425,512.00 | 279,771 | 285 | $1.49589 | -9.59% | 165 |
| Yakima, WA | $369,819.00 | 243,231 | 286 | $1.49541 | -9.61% | 187 |
| Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA | $177,569.00 | 116,901 | 287 | $1.49396 | -9.70% | 315 |
| Dalton, GA | $215,804.00 | 142,227 | 288 | $1.49234 | -9.80% | 277 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA | $19,390,317.00 | 12,828,837 | 289 | $1.48658 | -10.15% | 2 |
| Brownsville-Harlingen, TX | $612,204.00 | 406,220 | 290 | $1.48226 | -10.41% | 124 |
| Fairbanks, AK | $147,010.00 | 97,581 | 291 | $1.48174 | -10.44% | 343 |
| Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA | $6,352,361.00 | 4,224,851 | 292 | $1.47881 | -10.62% | 12 |
| Longview, WA | $153,768.00 | 102,410 | 293 | $1.47677 | -10.74% | 340 |
| Bellingham, WA | $301,501.00 | 201,140 | 294 | $1.47428 | -10.89% | 209 |
| Rochester, MN | $278,633.00 | 186,011 | 295 | $1.47328 | -10.95% | 223 |
| Columbia, SC | $1,148,180.00 | 767,598 | 296 | $1.47118 | -11.08% | 70 |
| El Paso, TX | $1,192,338.00 | 800,647 | 297 | $1.46470 | -11.47% | 65 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI | $4,842,583.00 | 3,279,833 | 298 | $1.45216 | -12.23% | 16 |
| Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA | $114,891.00 | 77,917 | 299 | $1.45025 | -12.34% | 361 |
| Raleigh-Cary, NC | $1,663,591.00 | 1,130,490 | 300 | $1.44734 | -12.52% | 47 |
| St. Cloud, MN | $277,151.00 | 189,093 | 301 | $1.44155 | -12.87% | 221 |
| Laredo, TX | $366,846.00 | 250,304 | 302 | $1.44147 | -12.88% | 181 |
| San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA | $393,949.00 | 269,637 | 303 | $1.43698 | -13.15% | 171 |
| Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA | $3,125,517.00 | 2,149,127 | 304 | $1.43037 | -13.55% | 25 |
| Hanford-Corcoran, CA | $221,963.00 | 152,982 | 305 | $1.42702 | -13.75% | 260 |
| Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX | $8,591,542.00 | 5,946,800 | 306 | $1.42095 | -14.12% | 5 |
| Lincoln, NE | $435,900.00 | 302,157 | 307 | $1.41888 | -14.24% | 154 |
| Charleston-North Charleston, SC | $958,180.00 | 664,607 | 308 | $1.41799 | -14.29% | 78 |
| Olympia, WA | $361,151.00 | 252,264 | 309 | $1.40807 | -14.89% | 180 |
| Corvallis, OR | $122,493.00 | 85,579 | 310 | $1.40778 | -14.91% | 358 |
| Fargo, ND-MN | $298,526.00 | 208,777 | 311 | $1.40634 | -15.00% | 202 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA | $7,462,139.00 | 5,268,860 | 312 | $1.39295 | -15.81% | 9 |
| Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA | $371,038.00 | 262,382 | 313 | $1.39083 | -15.94% | 175 |
| Chico, CA | $310,836.00 | 220,000 | 314 | $1.38963 | -16.01% | 196 |
| Eugene-Springfield, OR | $496,260.00 | 351,715 | 315 | $1.38774 | -16.12% | 144 |
| Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA | $595,677.00 | 423,895 | 316 | $1.38211 | -16.46% | 118 |
| Redding, CA | $249,004.00 | 177,223 | 317 | $1.38190 | -16.48% | 228 |
| Napa, CA | $191,518.00 | 136,484 | 318 | $1.38012 | -16.58% | 284 |
| Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA | $677,960.00 | 483,878 | 319 | $1.37803 | -16.71% | 104 |
| Colorado Springs, CO | $897,143.00 | 645,613 | 320 | $1.36672 | -17.39% | 81 |
| San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA | $4,279,163.00 | 3,095,313 | 321 | $1.35970 | -17.82% | 17 |
| Idaho Falls, ID | $177,313.00 | 130,374 | 322 | $1.33764 | -19.15% | 294 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | $5,859,991.00 | 4,335,391 | 323 | $1.32941 | -19.65% | 11 |
| Ogden-Clearfield, UT | $737,490.00 | 547,184 | 324 | $1.32560 | -19.88% | 93 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | $2,472,499.00 | 1,836,911 | 325 | $1.32385 | -19.98% | 31 |
| Vallejo-Fairfield, CA | $554,586.00 | 413,344 | 326 | $1.31961 | -20.24% | 123 |
| Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA | $1,102,236.00 | 823,318 | 327 | $1.31673 | -20.41% | 63 |
| Denver-Aurora, CO | $3,395,406.00 | 2,543,482 | 328 | $1.31296 | -20.64% | 21 |
| Medford, OR | $268,465.00 | 203,206 | 329 | $1.29939 | -21.46% | 207 |
| Durham, NC | $666,098.00 | 504,357 | 330 | $1.29894 | -21.49% | 102 |
| Salinas, CA | $544,618.00 | 415,057 | 331 | $1.29055 | -22.00% | 121 |
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | $8,355,402.00 | 6,371,773 | 332 | $1.28972 | -22.05% | 4 |
| Anchorage, AK | $499,298.00 | 380,821 | 333 | $1.28952 | -22.06% | 133 |
| Austin-Round Rock, TX | $2,235,782.00 | 1,716,289 | 334 | $1.28124 | -22.56% | 34 |
| Bend, OR | $205,348.00 | 157,733 | 335 | $1.28044 | -22.61% | 248 |
| Kennewick-Richland-Pasco, WA | $325,878.00 | 253,340 | 336 | $1.26515 | -23.53% | 176 |
| Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA | $2,855,767.00 | 2,226,009 | 337 | $1.26179 | -23.74% | 23 |
| Salem, OR | $500,670.00 | 390,738 | 338 | $1.26025 | -23.83% | 131 |
| Madera, CA | $191,973.00 | 150,865 | 339 | $1.25153 | -24.36% | 262 |
| Boulder, CO | $374,413.00 | 294,567 | 340 | $1.25013 | -24.44% | 159 |
| Modesto, CA | $653,370.00 | 514,453 | 341 | $1.24912 | -24.50% | 100 |
| Grand Junction, CO | $186,143.00 | 146,723 | 342 | $1.24778 | -24.58% | 269 |
| Fresno, CA | $1,179,885.00 | 930,450 | 343 | $1.24720 | -24.62% | 55 |
| Pueblo, CO | $200,950.00 | 159,063 | 344 | $1.24254 | -24.90% | 246 |
| El Centro, CA | $220,389.00 | 174,528 | 345 | $1.24198 | -24.93% | 230 |
| Yuba City, CA | $210,683.00 | 166,892 | 346 | $1.24160 | -24.96% | 239 |
| Stockton, CA | $862,343.00 | 685,306 | 347 | $1.23761 | -25.20% | 76 |
| Bakersfield, CA | $1,051,318.00 | 839,631 | 348 | $1.23150 | -25.57% | 61 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | $6,970,911.00 | 5,582,170 | 349 | $1.22822 | -25.76% | 7 |
| Salt Lake City, UT | $1,401,163.00 | 1,124,197 | 350 | $1.22585 | -25.91% | 48 |
| Greeley, CO | $314,296.00 | 252,825 | 351 | $1.22267 | -26.10% | 179 |
| Tallahassee, FL | $453,660.00 | 367,413 | 352 | $1.21441 | -26.60% | 138 |
| Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA | $4,226,240.00 | 3,439,809 | 353 | $1.20840 | -26.96% | 15 |
| Merced, CA | $308,988.00 | 255,793 | 354 | $1.18807 | -28.19% | 178 |
| Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT | $1,105,338.00 | 916,829 | 355 | $1.18576 | -28.33% | 56 |
| Visalia-Porterville, CA | $531,838.00 | 442,179 | 356 | $1.18296 | -28.50% | 111 |
| St. George, UT | $165,901.00 | 138,115 | 357 | $1.18140 | -28.59% | 279 |
| Santa Fe, NM | $164,210.00 | 144,170 | 358 | $1.12025 | -32.29% | 271 |
| Fort Collins-Loveland, CO | $340,812.00 | 299,630 | 359 | $1.11871 | -32.38% | 155 |
| Provo-Orem, UT | $517,472.00 | 526,810 | 360 | $0.96610 | -41.61% | 97 |